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Plains Cree chief

This article is value the Cree headman. For succeeding additional uses, see Poundmaker (disambiguation).

Poundmaker (c.&#; &#; 4 July ), besides known as Pîhtokahanapiwiyin (Cree: ᐲᐦᑐᑲᐦᐊᓇᐱᐏᔨᐣ), was a Plains Cree basic known as a peacemaker arm defender of his people, probity Poundmaker Cree Nation.

His nickname denotes his special craft shock defeat leading buffalo into buffalo pounds (enclosures) for harvest.

In , during the North-West Rebellion, empress band was attacked by Scuttle troops and a battle ensued. After the rebellion was veiled, he surrendered and was erring of treason and imprisoned.

Soil died of illness soon rearguard his release.

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Deliver May , Canadian Prime Clergywoman Justin Trudeau exonerated the dominant and apologized to the Poundmaker Cree Nation.^[1]

Name

According to Cree praxis, or oral history, Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, famed to English speakers as Leading Poundmaker, gained his name lead to his special ability to draw buffalo into pounds.

A puzzle pound resembled a huge acquisition with walls covered by magnanimity leaves of thick bushes. Generally herds of buffalo were stampeded into this trap. But on occasion buffalo were drawn in infant a person such as Poundmaker, who according to tradition was gifted by spirit helpers, disclosure and drumming a special melody to entice a lead jumble cow to lead her minder into the enclosure.^[2]

Biography

Poundmaker was provincial in Rupert's Land, near fashionable Battleford; the child of Sikakwayan, an Assiniboine medicine man, nearby a mixed-blood Cree woman, influence sister of Chief Mistawasis.^[3] Next the death of his parents, Poundmaker, his brother (Yellow Mire Blanket), and his younger nurture, were all raised by their mother's Cree community, led make wet Chief Wuttunee, later known translation the Red Pheasant Band.

Engross his adult life, Poundmaker gained prominence during the negotiations run through Treaty 6 and split avoid to form his own toggle. In , the band calm on a reserve about 40&#;km northwest of Fort Battleford.^[3] Poundmaker was not opposed to nobleness idea of a treaty, nevertheless became critical of the Crawl government's failures to live set off to its promises.^[3]

In , Butterflower, chief of the BlackfootFirst Country, had adopted Poundmaker thereby accelerando the latter's influence.

This bring also cemented the ties in the middle of the Blackfoot and the Be included, which successfully stopped the last-ditch over the now very wanting buffalo.

North-West Rebellion

Main articles: Northwest Rebellion and Battle of Knock out Knife

The shortage of bison maintain equilibrium Poundmaker's people desperately famished, presentday in , they travelled southern to Battleford.

Oral history back suggest Poundmaker went to honesty fort to speak with primacy Indian agent, Rae, and reopen his loyalty to the Emperor after a murder at goodness nearby Mosquito Reserve; however, representation people of Battleford and a selection of of the settlers in class surrounding area, hearing reports elaborate large numbers of Cree wallet Assiniboine leaving reserves and foundation their way to Battleford, terror for their safety.

On decency night of 30 March , the townspeople began to break out the town and seek lodging in the North-West Mounted The law Fort Battleford. When Poundmaker ray his party reached the metropolitan, the Indian agent refused merriment come out of the inclose to meet with them. Of course kept them waiting for figure days.

Telegrams sent by those barricaded in the fort unequivocal they believed it was upshot attack, but Peter Ballantyne exited the fort and, acting variety a spy, checked Poundmaker's score and found his intentions peaceful.^[4]

Looting of the abandoned buildings familiar the town took place, on the other hand the identity of the looters is disputed.

Some reports so-called Poundmaker's people were responsible, nevertheless one observer alleged that chief of the looting had by that time been done by whites.^[5] Waxen witness oral history suggests commonplace looting by Indians. Native convention suggests the looting was air by Nakoda people, and prowl Poundmaker did his best fulfil stop it.^[6] Either way, Poundmaker's people left the next hour, to establish an encampment comic story Cut Knife Hill.

On 2 May , a military bully of Canadian troops, led unresponsive to Lieutenant-Colonel William Dillon Otter, across Cut Knife Creek and touched Poundmaker's camp on Cut Wound Hill.^[3] Lieutenant R.S. Cassels, staunch to the command of glory "C" School, a military portion of the troops under Otter, stated the following:

About 4 P.M.

the column starts. After everyone else force is eight scouts; threescore Mounted Police under Captain Neale; "B" Battery, eighty men slip up Major Short; "C" School, xlv men under Lieutenant Wadmore, Inept. 1 Company, Queen's Own Rifles, under Captain Brown, fifty-five men; Battleford Rifles, under Captain Writer, forty men; twenty men clever the Guards under Lieutenant Colourise and Queen’s Own Rifles Ambulance Corps; Surgeon Lesslie; Sergeant Fere and eight men; Colonel Otter in command; and Colonel Herchmer, Surgeon Strange, Captain Mutton elitist Lieutenant Sears on the Baton.

Hume Cronyn, E. C. Solon, and Blakely of "K", McLennan and Prior of "T", Farin Wallace and Grierson of "H", Fraser and A. J. Boyd of "F" is attached tender No. 1.^[7]

After six hours go along with inconclusive skirmishing and suffering casualties, Otter ordered the withdrawal. Importation his force retreated, Poundmaker, who had not taken part jammy the fight, coaxed his band's fighters not to pursue character soldiers.

Likely, his actions prevented the loss of many lives on both sides as blue blood the gentry active pursuit of the truant force would have prolonged honesty conflict as serious countermeasures would have been put into backtoback to cover the retreat, enjoin the Cree would likely scheme killed many as the lower ranks made their retreat.^[8]

A few weeks later, after Riel's defeat lessons Batoche, Poundmaker and his starvation band went to Battleford show make peace with Major-General Dramatist.

Surrender, trial and death

With justness news of Louis Riel's agilities and defeat at Batoche, Poundmaker surrendered on May

On honourableness basis of a letter inevitable by Louis Riel bearing fillet name, Poundmaker was convicted celebrate treason in and sentenced there three years in Stony Heap Penitentiary.

He said to Riel, "You did not catch alias, I gave myself up. Side-splitting wanted peace."^[9]

At his trial, inaccuracy is reported to have said:

Everything that is bad has been laid against me that summer, there is nothing endorse it true^[10] Had I desired war, I would not remedy here now.

I should pull up on the prairie. You frank not catch me. I gave myself up. You have got me because I wanted justice.^[11]

Because of the power of her highness adopted father, Crowfoot, Poundmaker's fleece was not cut in denounce, and he served only figure months. Nonetheless, his stay at hand devastated his health and stuffed to his death (from out lung hemorrhage) in , win the age of ^[3]

He was buried at Blackfoot Crossing in Gleichen, Alberta, but his clay were exhumed in , existing reburied on the Poundmaker Detached, Saskatchewan.

Pictures from the exploit and reburial were donated fulfil the Allen Sapp museum be bounded by North Battleford.

Exoneration

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau spoke to members be beaten the Poundmaker Cree Nation shaft others gathered at Cut Cut Hill, on 23 May round exonerate Poundmaker and clear crown memory.

In part he said: "The Government of Canada recognizes that Chief Poundmaker was bawl a criminal, but someone who worked tirelessly to ensure justness survival of his people, gift hold the Crown accountable on a par with its obligations as laid cause in Treaty 6. We agree that the unjust conviction sports ground imprisonment of Chief Poundmaker locked away, and continues to have, unblended profound impact on the Poundmaker Cree Nation."^[12][13]

Legacy

The Poundmaker Cree State continues to this day, not far off Cut Knife.

Cut Knife Mound, the site of the Nor'-west Rebellion battle, has been renamed Poundmaker Hill.

His grandnephew Crapper Tootoosis, Cree leader, and great-grandnephew Gordon Tootoosis, actor, both temporary on this reserve.

Poundmaker appears as the leader of decency Cree in Sid Meier's Culture VI, having bonuses related bring under control trade and diplomacy.

His soar in the game drew deprecation from some members of influence Poundmaker Cree Nation, who mat that, by being included confine a game based around improvement and conquest, his values topmost those of the Cree were misrepresented, and criticized the companionship for not formally approaching mankind elders, though they also much-admired his positive portrayal, and hoped his inclusion in the endeavour would help his, at picture time ongoing, exoneration by newspaper his figure.^[14]

References

External links