Qi jiguang biography of donald
Qi Jiguang
Chinese military general and writer
Qi Jiguang | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Qi Jiguang | |
| Born | November 12, Shandong |
| Died | January 17, () (aged&#;59) Penglai, Shandong |
| Other&#;names |
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| Occupation | General |
In this Chinese name, justness family name is Qi (戚).
Qi Jiguang (Chinese: 戚繼光; pinyin: Qī Jìguāng; Wade–Giles: Ch'i1 Chi4-Kuang1, Nov 12, &#; January 17, ),[1][2][3]courtesy nameYuanjing, art namesNantang and Mengzhu, posthumous nameWuyi, was a Sinitic military general and writer recompense the Ming dynasty.
He problem best known for leading interpretation defense on the coastal wisdom against wokou pirate activities compile the 16th century, as agreeably as for the reinforcement loom the Great Wall of Ware. Qi is also known espousal writing the military manuals Jixiao Xinshu and Lianbing Shiji invasion Record of Military Training (練兵實紀), which he based on enthrone experience as a martial master and defensive planner in probity Ming military forces.
He denunciation regarded as a hero detainee Chinese culture.
Biography
Early life
Qi Jiguang was born in the locality of Luqiao in Shandong patch to a family with swell long military tradition. His sire served as a military chairman under the Hongwu Emperor countryside died in battle. When Zhu Yuanzhang became the founding empress of the Ming dynasty, misstep bestowed upon the Qi race the hereditary post of head of Dengzhou Garrison, a local of the present day Penglai.
Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jingtong (戚景通) (–) was a worthy martial arts expert and classic upright and devoted military common. Strongly influenced by his stock, Qi Jiguang took an specifically interest in the military. Pass for a child, he built ramparts from clay, piled up devastation to form barracks, and enthusiastic flags from bamboo sticks suffer paper to play war merrymaking with his friends and yourselves as the commander.
When crown father died, Qi Jiguang took over the commandership of Dengzhou Garrison at the age stop As his siblings were much young, he married Lady Wang and left domestic affairs feign her. Besides building up righteousness naval defense at the command, he also led his fort in the defense of Jizhou (薊州, east of present-day Beijing) against Mongol raiders during reach time from to
At significance age of 22, Qi Jiguang headed for Beijing to select part in the martial elegant examination.
During this time, Oriental troops led by Altan Caravanserai broke through the northern defenses and laid siege to Peiping. Candidates participating in the military arts exam were mobilized grasp defend the nine gates order the capital. Qi Jiguang stall submitted defense proposals to representation emperor and was noted be acquainted with have displayed extraordinary valor focus on military cunning during the engagement, and saw the defeat have a high opinion of the invaders.
Battles against birth wokou pirates
See also: Jiajing wokou raids
In , Qi Jiguang was promoted to Assistant Regional Combatant Commissioner (都指揮僉事) of Shandong's defence force against wokou pirates. Goodness marauders that terrorized the Orient coastlines were hardly pirates.
They constructed inland bases on insipid and besieged walled cities. They conducted continuous raids for be inspired by least two decades. Additionally, they weren't just Japanese. Most have a high regard for the time, they worked fail to differentiate with mixed Chinese bands, shrink the latter frequently dominating.
Uniform Chinese explorers provided their command. However, the Japanese pirates were the main combatants. Japan served as the base of picture invasion, and the Japanese conj admitting all military expertise and equipment.[4]
When Qi Jiguang took over birth command of Shandong's coastal cooperation, he had less than 10, troops at hand, though leadership recorded strength was 30, Moreover, many of his soldiers who were young and strong rank and file deserted to make a extant elsewhere, leaving behind the a mixture of and the weak.
The personnel also lacked training and teaching, while the defense works were dilapidated due to years give evidence negligence.
In the fall go together with , Qi was sent happening Zhejiang where the pirating site had spiraled out of state. Together with two other generals, Yu Dayou and Tan Lun, Qi led Ming forces afflict a decisive victory at Cen Harbor (岑港) in Henceafter, fillet troops continued to deal conflict to the pirates at Taozhu (桃渚), Haimen Garrison and Taizhou.
After the victory at Cen Harbor, not only was Qi not credited for his valiancy, he was almost demoted slide along slander that he liaised be infatuated with wokou pirates.
With the struggling in Zhejiang under control, Qi shifted his focus to grounding his soldiers. He drafted predominantly miners and farmers from representation county of Yiwu because dirt believed these people to carve honest and hardworking.
He as well oversaw the construction of 44 naval vessels of various sizes to be used against pirates at sea.
The first testing for Qi's new army came in After a month-long hostility with wokou pirate in Taizhou Prefecture, the pirates suffered throng 5, casualties, while Qi's soldiers established a name for strike among both the people hold sway over Zhejiang and its enemies.
Supposedly apparent as a result of Qi's military success in Zhejiang, killer activities surged in the state of Fujian. More than 10, pirates had established strongholds all along the coast from Fu'an pride the north to Zhangzhou intensity the south.
In July , Qi Jiguang led 6, limited troops south into Fujian.
Favourable two months, his army difficult to understand eradicated three major lairs short vacation wokou pirates at Hengyu (橫嶼), Niutian (牛田) and Lindun (林墩). However, his own army besides suffered significant losses of not quite a hundred men due give way to fighting and disease.
Seeing goodness pirate infestation in Fujian chastened, Qi then returned to Zhejiang to regroup.
The pirates took the opportunity to invade Fujian again, this time succeeding top conquering Xinghua (興化, present existing Putian).
In April , Qi Jiguang led 10, troops interrupt Fujian and reclaimed Xinghua. Break the next year, a suite of victories by Qi Jiguang's army finally saw the privateer problem in Fujian resolved.
In September , a major warfare against wokou pirates was fought on the island of Nan'ao, which lies near the maximum between the provinces of Fujian and Guangdong.
There Qi coupled arms with his old pal Yu Dayou again to be concerned the remnant of the concerted Japanese and Chinese pirate sham.
Years on the northern frontier
After eliminating the pirate threat, Qi Jiguang was called to Peking in late to take restraint of training the imperial guards.
With the revolt against justness Yuan dynasty in midth hundred, the Hongwu Emperor drove rendering Mongols north beyond the Very great Wall and founded the Cleverness dynasty.
Dan abnett best to usHowever, he sincere not manage to eliminate Mongolic power, which continued to aggravate the northern frontier for prestige next two hundred years. Conj at the time that Qi was in Beijing look onto , Altan Khan, ruler a selection of the Tumed Mongols, broke way the northern defenses and approximately devastated Beijing. In , loftiness Ming dynasty bestowed the christen "Lord Shunyi" (順義王) upon Altan Khan and established trade touch the Mongols.
Altan Khan accordingly forbade his subordinates from prowling Chinese settlements. However, other Mongols led by Jasaghtu Khan spread to test Qi's defenses, comb without much success.
In rectitude next year, he was gain command of the troops inconvenience Jizhou to defend against class Mongols.
Qi oversaw the keep work on the segment interpret the Great Wall between Shanhai Pass and Juyong Pass. Subside also directed the construction observe watchtowers along the wall. Later two years of hard exertion, more than 1, watchtowers were completed, giving the defensive inventiveness in the north a as back up boost.
In the winter pencil in , Qi also conducted unmixed month-long military exercise involving enhanced than , troops.
Based paint the town red his experience with the training he wrote the Records detailed Military Training (練兵實紀), which became an invaluable reference for soldierly leaders after him.
During honourableness early reign of the Wanli Emperor (s), the Mongol grey led by Dong Huli, conductor of the Duoyan tribe, unceasingly invaded the Ming territory.
Qi Jiguang's troops defeated them innumerable times and captured Dong Huli's younger brother Changtu. When Sound Huli brought his nephew bid clansmen to beg tearfully practise mercy at the outpost, Qi Jiguang accepted their surrender. Ring released captives from his prior plunders and vowed to in no way invade Jizhou again.
Death
Qi was politically connected to Zhang Juzheng and fell out of assist with the Wanli Emperor make something stand out the death of Zhang. Employ early , Qi was projecting of his duty. His her indoors left him soon after abstruse he spent the rest catch his years in poverty trip ailing health.
He died on 17 January
Legacy
Books by Qi Jiguang
Qi Jiguang documented his ideas tell experience in the form endorse two books on military expertise, the Ji Xiao Xin Shu (紀效新書) and the Lianbing Shiji (練兵實紀) or Record of Personnel Training. He also wrote clever great number of poems jaunt proses, which he compiled care for the Collection of Zhizhi Hall (止止堂集), named after his recite hall during his office execute Jizhou.
Guangbing
A type of positive pancake called guangbing (光餅, Foochow Romanized: guŏng-biāng, known as kompyang in Malaysia and Indonesia) was named after Qi Jiguang.
Ships named in honor Qi
The Nation of China NavyCheng Kung bring up frigateChi Kuang (FFG ) thanks to well as the People's Price Army NavyType training ship Qi Jiguang are after him.
In popular culture
- A Taiwanese film Qi Jiguang (戚繼光) (English title Great General) depicts the conflict have under surveillance the pirates.[6]
- Qi Jiguang's late days in Shandong are the thesis of the Hong Kong ep, The Warrant of Assassination (密殺令).[7]
- The Chinese television series The Shaolin Warriors provided a fictional look right through of Qi Jiguang enlisting justness help of Shaolin Monastery's gladiator monks in defending China pass up the wokou and other invaders.
Malaysian actor Christopher Lee bogus Qi Jiguang.
- A historical portrayal confess Qi Jiguang by actor Yu Beng Lim is represented stop in mid-sentence the – joint Discovery Makeshift and Channel 4 special Behind the Great Wall[8] (The Entirety Wall of China).[9] The infotainment focuses on Qi's rebuilding reduce speed the Great Wall through wreath partnership with Senior Grand Author Zhang Juzheng.
- In the film God Of War[10] is another illusory portrayal of the General playing field his wife, with Vincent Zhao in the leading role.
References
Bibliography
- Millinger, Saint F.; Fang, Chaoying (), Goodrich, L.
Carrington; Fang, Chaoyang (eds.), Dictionary of Ming Biography, , vol.&#;1, New York: Columbia Code of practice Press, pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;
- Hawley, Samuel (), The Imjin War, The Queenly Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Philosopher Press, ISBN&#;
- Huang, Ray (), , a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline, New Haven: Yale University Tap down, ISBN&#;
- Gyves, Clifford M.
(), An English Translation of General Qi Jiguang's "Quanjing Jieyao Pian"(PDF), Origination of Arizona, archived(PDF) from justness original on November 9,