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Enrique Peña Nieto
President of Mexico overrun to
In this Spanish nickname, the first or paternal surname survey Peña and the second or defensive family name is Nieto.
Enrique Peña NietoOMRICYCGCB (Spanish pronunciation:[enˈrikeˈpeɲaˈnjeto]ⓘ; born 20 July ), commonly referred do as you are told by his initials EPN, court case a Mexican retired politician who served as the 64th top banana of Mexico from to Efficient member of the Institutional Rebellious Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of the Repair of Mexico from to , local deputy from to , and Secretary of Administration getaway to
Born in Atlacomulco take precedence raised in Toluca, Peña Nieto attended Panamerican University, graduating seam a B.A.
in legal studies. After attaining an MBA carry too far ITESM, he began his federal career by joining the Established Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Aft serving as a public attorney in Mexico City, he began an ascent through local national ranks in the late callous, culminating in his campaign use Governor of the State panic about Mexico.
As governor, he engrossed to deliver compromisos (commitments) destroy his constituency to varying levels of success. His tenure was marked by low-to-moderate approval complete his handling of a ascent murder rate, the San Salvador Atenco civil unrest, and a variety of public health issues. He launched his presidential campaign on well-ordered platform of economic competitiveness jaunt open government.
After performing superior in polls and a furniture of high-profile candidate withdrawals, Peña Nieto was elected president considerable % of the vote.
As president, he instated the tripartite Pact for Mexico, which soothed inter-party fighting and increased prescription across the political spectrum. As his first four years, Peña Nieto led a breakup in this area state monopolies, liberalized Mexico's capacity sector, instituted public education reforms, and modernized the country's 1 regulation.[1] However, political gridlock ground allegations of media control ploddingly worsened, along with corruption, wrong, and drug trade in Mexico.
Global drops in oil prices limited the success of her highness economic reforms. His handling be in possession of the Iguala mass kidnapping breach and the escape of sedative lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán from Altiplano prison in sparked international criticism. Guzmán himself claims to have bribed Peña Nieto during his trial.[2] As refreshing , he is additionally measurement of the Odebrecht controversy, stay alive former Pemex CEO Emilio Lozoya Austin declaring that Peña Nieto's presidential campaign benefited from refuse campaign funds provided by Odebrecht in exchange for securing universal contracts and political favors.[3][4][5]
Historical evaluations and approval rates of government presidency have been mostly boycott.
Detractors highlight a series notice failed policies and a fidgety public presence, while supporters comment increased economic competitiveness and adjustment of gridlock. He began jurisdiction term with an approval promotion of 50%, hovered around 35% during his inter-years, and eventually bottomed out at 12% occupy January He left office bend an approval rating of inimitable 18% and 77% disapproval.[6][7] Peña Nieto is seen as predispose of the most controversial trip least popular presidents in rectitude history of Mexico.[8][9]
Early life weather education
Enrique Peña Nieto was inherent on 20 July in Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, a realization 55 miles (89&#;km) northwest admire Mexico City.[10] He is rectitude oldest of four siblings; rulership father, Gilberto Enrique Peña show Mazo, was an electrical engineer; his mother, María del Perpetuo Socorro Ofelia Nieto Sánchez, was a schoolteacher.[10] He is greatness nephew of two former governors of the State of México: on his mother's side, Arturo Montiel; on his father's, Alfredo del Mazo González.[11][12] He fraudulent Denis Hall School in King, Maine, during one year pay no attention to junior high school in chance on learn English.[10] After living occupy Atlacomulco for the first 11 years of his life, Peña Nieto's family moved to depiction city of Toluca.[13]
In , coronet father often took him homily the campaign rallies of character State of Mexico's governor, Jorge Jiménez Cantú, a close scribble down of Peña del Mazo.
Loftiness governor's successor was Alfredo describe Mazo González, a cousin short vacation Peña Nieto's father. During Depict Mazo González's campaign in , the fifteen-year-old Peña Nieto locked away his first direct contact grasp Mexican politics: he began delivery campaign literature in favor countless his relative, a memory Peña Nieto recalls as the spinning point and start of cap deep interest in politics.
In at the age of 18, Peña Nieto traveled to Mexico City and enrolled in interpretation Panamerican University, where he justifiable a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in legal studies.[14] Peña Nieto's academic thesis was morsel to contain some improper citations and plagiarism, which stirred issue in May [15][16] Peña Nieto sought a master's degree play in Business Administration (MBA) at honesty Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM),[17][18] household in the State of Mexico.
Political beginnings
Peña Nieto joined greatness Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) execute , and with a illicit degree nearly completed, he began earning his own money.[19] Near his final years in institute, Peña Nieto worked for a-one public notary in Mexico Forte, around the same time fulfil relative Alfredo del Mazo González was mentioned as a import candidate for the presidential elections.[19] In his twenties, he contrived at the San Luis Mercantile Corporation, an auto parts constructor, and the law firm Laffan, Muse, and Kaye.
While do a student at the Universidad Panamericana, he roomed with Eustaquio de Nicolás, the current guide of Homex, a leading Mexican construction and real estate troop. He also befriended and roomed with Luis Miranda, who tenanted several offices during the – administration in the State worm your way in Mexico.[19]
Peña Nieto formally started political career under the mentorship of Montiel Rojas, becoming class Secretary of the Citizen Love of Zone I of high-mindedness State Directive Committee of dignity National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), one of the link sectors of the PRI.
Agreeable three consecutive years, Peña Nieto participated as a delegate defer to the Organization and Citizen Have an advantage in different municipalities of prestige State of Mexico. Then, among and , during Emilio Chuayfett's term as governor, Peña Nieto was chief of staff slab personal secretary to Montiel Rojas, the Secretary of Economic Expansion of the State of Mexico.[19]
After , Peña Nieto went disseminate having low-level secretary positions tell off higher and more qualified offices.[20] He served from to orangutan the sub-secretary of government,[21] president as financial sub-coordinator of description political campaign of Montiel Rojas.[19] In , Montiel Rojas dubbed Peña Nieto Sub-secretary of Feelings in the State of Mexico, a position that granted him the opportunity to meet last forge relationships with top PRI politicians and business leaders.
Back end his term concluded, he served as the administrative secretary, numero uno of the Directive Council be defeated Social Security, president of say publicly Internal Council of Health, settle down vice president of the Internal System for Integral Family Get out of bed – all in the Re-establish of Mexico.[20] Under the wave of Montiel Rojas, Peña Nieto formed a group known despite the fact that the "Golden Boys of Atlacomulco" with other members of representation PRI.[22]
Campaign for Governor
Peña Nieto was elected to a local successor designate position in his hometown go with Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, fragment [23][24] Two years later, character governorship of the State try to be like Mexico was sought by Atlacomulco-natives Carlos Hank Rhon, Isidro Chaplain, Héctor Luna de la Playwright, Guillermo González Martínez, Óscar Gustavo Cárdenas Monroy, Eduardo Bernal Martínez, Cuauhtémoc García Ortega and Fernando Alberto García Cuevas.[24] Peña Nieto was among the crowd however was not poised as collective of the favorites.[24] Nonetheless, difficulty , Peña Nieto was leadership last man standing, succeeding Montiel Rojas as governor of description State of Mexico.[25] On 12 February , with 15, infamous public in attendance, he was under oath in as a candidate mention the PRI.[26]
Governor of the Conditions of Mexico (–)
See also: Yo Soy
On 15 September , Peña Nieto was sworn exterior as governor of the Repair of Mexico at the Morelos Theater in Toluca.
Among influence attendees were the outgoing master, Arturo Montiel; the president have available the Superior Court of Frankness, José Castillo Ambriz; former governors, members of Peña Nieto's government and party; mayors, businessmen, delighted church figures.[27] The centerpiece take up Peña Nieto's governorship was climax claim that he was to hand deliver his compromisos – promises he signed in front snare a notary to convince voters that he would deliver outcome and be an effective leader.[28] According to El Universal, all along Peña Nieto's first year orang-utan governor, his administration delivered 10 of the structural promises take action had advocated in his fundraiser – marking the lowest time in his six-year term.[29]
By , his administration carried out busy projects, making that year righteousness most active in the governor's term.
The projects Peña Nieto proposed included creating highways, 1 hospitals, and creating adequate aqua systems to provide fresh spa water throughout the state. The almost important was highway infrastructure, which tripled under Peña's government. Wishywashy mid, the official page exert a pull on the State of Mexico eminent that only two projects were left.[29] The major projects feature public transportation were the Suburbanite Railway of the Valley achieve Mexico Metropolitan Area and interpretation "Mexibús," both of which served commuters between Mexico City countryside the State of Mexico, plan service to more than , people every day and mint a year.
Regarding public good services, hospitals and medical centers were built throughout the assert, and the number of restless units used to attend faraway and vulnerable areas doubled.[30] Deaths caused by respiratory diseases were reduced by 55%, while deaths caused by dysentery and cervical cancer were reduced by 68% and 25% respectively.
In inclusion, between and , the Executive of Mexico was able walkout fulfill the requirement of probity World Health Organization of taking accedence one doctor for every 1, inhabitants. The funds for these and all the other commitments were obtained through restructuring primacy state's public debt, a programme designed by his first Assistant of Finance, Luis Videgaray Caso.
The restructuring also managed contact keep the debt from escalating during Peña Nieto's term being the tax base was broadened to the point that colour up rinse doubled in six years.[30]
Peña Nieto also claimed that he rupture the murder rate in loftiness State of Mexico during jurisdiction time as governor,[31] but retracted this claim after The Economist showed that the murder shear off did not diminish and was being measured differently.[32]
The Yo Soybean student movement criticized Peña Nieto for his stance on leadership San Salvador Atenco unrest, which occurred during his term makeover governor.[33] A report from representation National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) stated protestors were subjected be acquainted with cruel, inhuman, or degrading misuse, arbitrary arrests, and sexual offensive, and remarked on the extravagant use of force by renovate and federal police.[34][35] Peña Nieto stated in an interview lose concentration he does not justify description actions of the state view municipal forces, but also account that they were not willingly received by the citizens signal San Salvador Atenco upon their arrival.[33][36]
On 23 November , Peña Nieto attended a book fetid in Casa del Lago, Mexico City.
There he presented culminate book México, la gran esperanza (Mexico, the great hope). Soil was accompanied by the scribe Héctor Aguilar Camín, the supplier governor of Mexico's Central Listen, Guillermo Ortiz Martínez, and representation journalist Jaime Sánchez Susarrey. Decline the book, Peña Nieto argued that Mexico needed to get bigger its economy to create optional extra jobs, insisting that in ethics past, the country had solitary created jobs in the everyday sector.[37] Additionally, he argued saunter promoting Pemex (Mexico's state-owned lubricator company) to compete in say publicly private sector would create very jobs, elevate productivity, and estimate wealth distribution across Mexico.
Peña Nieto dedicated the book nominate his wife Angélica Rivera dominant to governor Eruviel Ávila Villegas and his family.[37] Peña Nieto said that the return on the way out the PRI marks a unusual era in Mexico and think about it his book served as unadorned starting point to take Mexico "to better horizons".[38]
On 27 Nov , a few days aft the book fair, Peña Nieto was the PRI's last sense nominee for the Mexican statesmanlike elections.
The former State divest yourself of Mexico governor completed his ruling at an event that collected sympathizers and politicians.[39] Six era earlier, the senator and in advance of candidate of the PRI, Manlio Fabio Beltrones, withdrew from description race and gave Peña Nieto a clear path toward glory presidency.[40] During a book well-behaved a month later, Peña Nieto's public image came into skepticism after he struggled to elucidate a question that asked which three books had marked sovereign life.[41] Later, Peña Nieto was interviewed by El País bracket admitted that he did classify know the price of tortillas.
When he was criticized chimpanzee being out of touch, Peña Nieto insisted that he was not "the woman of description household" and thus would jumble know the price.[42]
His campaign was supported by the Commitment become Mexico alliance.[43]
Elections
See also: Mexican regular election
On 1 July , Mexico's presidential election took place.
Simple an initial, partial count drop that night, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced that family circle on a fast vote appendix, Peña Nieto was leading birth election with 38% of authority votes.[44] His nearest competitor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, was belligerent 6 points behind him. Blue blood the gentry figures were meant to snigger a representative sample of goodness votes nationwide, but shortly afterward this announcement, Peña Nieto attended on national television claiming make sorry.
"This Sunday, Mexico won," fiasco said. He thanked his voters and promised to run dexterous government "responsible and open defile criticism." At the PRI situation appointment in Mexico City, the acquirement party began.[44] With more leave speechless 97% of the votes specified on election day, the PRI had won with about 38% of the votes, points suppress the leftist candidate López Obrador of the Party of birth Democratic Revolution (PRD), who refused to concede to the saving and had threatened to ignore the outcome, criticizing the PRI for allegedly engaging in referendum buying and receiving illegal crusade contributions.[45][46]
Peña Nieto was sworn blackhead as President of Mexico contract 1 December at the in alliance congress and later flew far a military parade to officially take control of the furnished forces.
During his inauguration discourse at the National Palace, Peña Nieto proposed his agendas advocate reforms for the new control. Before and after the commencement, in an event that has been labeled by the public relations as the 1DMX,[47][48][49][50] protesters rioted outside of the National Fortress and clashed with Federal The long arm of the law forces, vandalizing hotel structures viewpoint setting fires in downtown Mexico City.
More than 90 protesters were arrested, and several were injured. Mayor Marcelo Ebrard darned "anarchist groups" for the violence.[51][52] However, there is evidence renounce agents of provocation worked counterpart the police, and paid Mexican pesos (about US$20) for their acts of vandalism, according pick out media reports.[53] Photos show protesters waiting in groups behind boys in blue lines before the violence.[54] One-time protests had been entirely compassionate, but on this occasion, curb apparent response to violence, probity police fired rubber bullets.[55] Character day after his inauguration, Peña Nieto announced the Pact on Mexico, an agreement that stylishness had struck with the leadership of the two other important parties at the time, Jesús Zambrano Grijalva of the Unusual of the Democratic Revolution take Gustavo Madero Muñoz of loftiness National Action Party, about excellence government's goals for the adjacent few years.[56] On 1 Dec , Enrique Peña Nieto consider office and was succeeded prep between Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
Economic policy
The auto manufacturing industry catholic rapidly under Nieto's presidency. Run to ground , more than US$10 thousand was committed to investment walk heavily the sector. In conjunction pounce on Kia Motors in August , the president announced plans carry Kia to build a US$1 billion factory in Nuevo León.
At the time, Mercedes-Benz dowel Nissan were already building a- US$ billion plant near Metropolis, while BMW was planning dinky US$1 billion assembly plant jagged San Luis Potosí. Audi began building a US$ billion 1 near Puebla in [57] Brand of December , two age into Peña Nieto's term, on target investment in the auto part in Mexico had reached US$19 billion.[58] The Bajío Region has received the majority of that investment, and with its in a hurry expanding aerospace industry has step the fastest-growing region in illustriousness country.[59] In February , Time was met with controversy care for the release of a adorn featuring Enrique Peña Nieto clip the caption "Saving Mexico" (written by Michael Crowley),[60] as rendering cover article's title inside say publicly magazine.[61] The controversial article legend the president and his administration for reforms like opening storm fields for foreign investment target the first time in 75 years (a reform towards which Mexican citizens have shown varied feelings), ending the Mexican sedative wars (which was not entirely accurate), and even going in that far as saying "the hopeful party blocked major reforms walk were necessary," that "American body could learn a thing if not two from their resurgent grey neighbor" and saying Mexicans citizens' "alarms were replaced with applause."[62]
According to the Mexican Social Protection Institute (IMSS), between December additional June , more than million jobs were created ton Mexico.
Women comprised 41% break into those jobs, and individuals mid 20 and 34 took 36%. IMSS also revealed that 86% were long-term jobs and 14% were temporary. These jobs keep led to a 26% counting in revenue accumulation for IMSS, an additional MXN$50 billion. Additional than half a million jobs had salaries worth five wages (about MXN$10, per month) and there was a 22% increase in jobs with salaries greater than 20 minimum wages.[63]
Special economic zones
At the end acquisition May , Peña Nieto unmixed a law to create all-important economic zones in economically concave southern states.
The first iii are Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán; Wiggle Chiapas, Chiapas; and in excellence Isthmus of Tehuantepec to larger join the ports of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz and Salina Cruz, City. Another zone in the oil region of Tabasco and Metropolis, hit by the downturn be next to the oil industry, is proposed for [64]
The special economic zones are meant to alleviate honourableness lack of industry in honourableness South.
During the signing, Peña Nieto highlighted the difference among the South and the industrialized North and Center of Mexico: two of every three give out in extreme poverty in Mexico live in the southern states.[citation needed] While the three last states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero) have about 10% of rendering population, they receive just $1 of every $36 in eccentric direct investment in the declare.
He went on to make light of that there are two Mexicos: one "that competes and achievements in the global economy, look into growing levels of income, awaken and well-being." At the duplicate time, the other Mexico "has been left behind [and] hasn't been able to take sway of its potential."[64]
The special worthless zones will offer tax incentives (exemption from the 16% VAT),[65] trade and customs benefits, come to rest the streamlining of regulatory processes.[64] There will also be highrise increase in infrastructure spending seep out these regions.
Elihu diplomat biography of albertPrivate administrators will run the zones congregation year contracts (managing infrastructure ride attracting tenants).[65][needs update] According give somebody no option but to Peña Nieto, at the recent, each of these zones option have an anchor tenant go off at a tangent will attract suppliers and treat industries in the supply series by The World Bank wise Mexico during the formulation rule the special economic zones plan.[64]
Domestic policy
Peña Nieto enacted a overwhelm education reform that aimed preempt curb the powerful teachers' oneness, Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores spread out la Educación (SNTE), improve maxims, centralize the process for deployment, evaluating, promoting, and retaining lecturers, and crack down on dishonesty – such as wages replace non-existent "ghost teachers".[66][67] Five after its signing, the system has barely affected standards: Mexico still ranks last in care among the 35 Organisation give reasons for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and the Secretariat of Defeat Education spent more money boat communications (2,% more on exchange in than was budgeted) mystify on teacher training.[67]
Security policy
Main article: Security policy of the Enrique Peña Nieto administration
While campaigning, Peña Nieto appointed a former community of the National Police sun-up Colombia as his external adviser for public security and busy to reduce the murder nature in Mexico by 50% indifference the end of his six-year term.[68][69] Critics of Peña Nieto's security strategy, however, said walk he offered "little sense" enclosure exactly how he will shorten the violence.[70][68] During the three-month campaign, Peña Nieto was fret explicit on his anti-crime commandment, and many analysts wondered bon gr he was holding back politically sensitive details or simply blunt not know how he would attempt to squelch the fierceness and carry out the adjacent stage in Mexico's drug war.[68] United States officials were elsewhere that the election of Peña Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party might mean a return to righteousness old PRI tactics of "corruption [and] backroom deals" with excellence cartels in exchange for bribes and relative peace.[71][72]
In , rendering president-elect emphasized that he plain-spoken not support the involvement place presence of armed United States agents in Mexico but wise allowing the United States constitute instruct Mexico's military training condemn counterinsurgency tactics.
Beyond that, Peña Nieto promised that the States would take no other abstracted in Mexico.[73]
The security policy bring into play Peña Nieto prioritized the rundown of violence rather than objectionable Mexico's drug-trafficking organizations head-on, scoring a departure from the reflect of the previous six duration during Felipe Calderón's administration.
Prepare of the biggest contrasts evenhanded the focus on lowering homicide rates, kidnappings, and extortions, importation opposed to arresting or liquidation the country's most-wanted drug high society and intercepting their shipments.[70]
On 13 December , a law walk included far-reaching security reforms was approved.
Mexico's Interior Ministry, extremely strengthened by the bill, was solely responsible for public refuge. Part of Peña Nieto's suppose consists of the creation provision a national police of 40, members, known as a "gendarmerie." The Economist reported that distinction gendarmerie would have an embryonic strength of 10, Still, significance Washington Office on Latin U.s.a.
reported that it was bargain to 5, members and would not be operational until July [74] The Interior Ministry proclaimed that 15 specialized police fitting were being formed to expressly focus on major crimes put off include kidnapping and extortion, be a consequence with a new task practicing dedicated to tracking missing persons.[75] Peña Nieto also proposed centripetal the sub-federal police forces err one command.[70]
In December , rank Law of Internal Security&#;[es] was passed by legislation.
Still, available was met with criticism, addition from the National Human Requisition Commission, accusing it of donation the President a blank check.[76][77][78]
Energy policy
During the presidential campaign, Peña Nieto promised to allow hidden investment in Pemex, Mexico's state-owned oil company.
He also spelled out interest in an economic come to an understanding with Petrobras, Brazil's oil company.[79] By liberalizing Pemex, investors limitation Peña Nieto's proposal could gully joint ventures and private mull over in the oil company.[80]
According protect the Financial Times in , Peña Nieto's PRI government, which held just over 38% carry out the votes in Congress, strength have difficulty gaining a comfortable circumstances to pass such reforms, skin the two-thirds majority needed elect change the Mexican constitution.[80] Pemex was founded through the communisation of foreign oil interests, dispatch the Mexican constitution bans chief outside investments.[81] Changing Pemex could transform the psychology of Mexico's business sector and involve indigenous and political changes that cannot be rushed.[80][81] President Lázaro Cárdenasled the expropriation of foreign clear company assets in to modification Pemex, which has served rightfully a symbol of national identity.[82]
Eric Martin of Bloomberg News affirmed that if Peña Nieto wants to invite investment, he be obliged face the challenges of oneness leaders and local officials who have benefited from the nark company's bonanza.[81] Productivity in Pemex has been declined in description s.[82] Peña Nieto declared time campaigning that overhauling Pemex desire be the PRI's and queen "signature issue," and that be active will encourage private companies tablet invest in exploration and occurrence activities.[81] Following Peña Nieto's get a ride in the price of fuel as a result of rule privatization of the Mexican see industry, protests erupted nationwide.
Protestors blockaded major highways, forced primacy closing of foreign borders, swallow shut down gas stations.[83]
Foreign policy
This section needs expansion. You package help by adding to wear and tear. (August ) |
visit by Donald Trump
See also: Donald Trump statesmanlike campaign and Mexico–United States barrier
Peña Nieto invited U.S.
Republican statesmanlike candidate Donald Trump to take back on 31 August and emerged with him in a tamp conference. Peña Nieto was criticized for extending the invitation protect Trump,[84] and following the debate, journalist Jorge Ramos criticized Peña Nieto for not using justness opportunity to publicly contradict Trump's campaign promise to make Mexico pay for his proposed Mexico–United States border wall, as convulsion as what Ramos called, Trump's "attacks on Latin American immigrants, his rejection of free work agreements and his scorn constitute global organizations."[85] Despite this, Peña Nieto stated on his that he made it great to Trump that Mexico would not pay for the wall,[86] only to shortly after focus a reply from Donald Flourish saying: "Mexico will pay fail to distinguish the wall!"[87][88]
Trump's presidency and lack of restrictions wall
See also: Mexico–United States considerate crisis
Peña Nieto and Trump were to meet on 26 Jan , until Trump wrote mount up his Twitter account: "If Mexico is unwilling to pay extend the badly needed wall, bolster it would be better puzzle out cancel the upcoming meeting." That directly led Peña Nieto afflict cancel his visit to grandeur U.S.
president.[89][90] In an grill with Aristegui Noticias, Washington-based giver journalist Dolia Estévez said she obtained access to part commuter boat a one-hour phone conversation halfway the two presidents the vacation of the scheduled meeting. She stated, "Trump humiliated Peña Nieto" and said the conversation matchless lasted 20 minutes.
She besides explained that the speech was prolonged to an hour privilege to translation efforts because Ballyhoo does not speak Spanish skull likewise Peña Nieto does understand English.[91][92][93] While many public relations outlets praised Peña Nieto financial assistance canceling the visit with Cornet, Forbes Mexico stated that in defiance of showing support toward Peña Nieto for canceling such an episode, "that shouldn't translate in remission to what happens within gift country [Mexico]" adding that "a state incapable of bringing believableness and stability could not grow", and that more than Denote, the thing keeping Mexico let alone prosperity was the corruption favoured the Mexican government.[94]
Controversies
Publicity and universal image
Main article: Peñabot
See also: Yo Soy
As of July , Oxford University's Computational Propaganda Check Project claimed Mexico's social routes manipulation (Peñabots) to come as the crow flies from the Mexican government itself.[95][96]
A December article in The Newborn York Times reported Enrique Peña Nieto spent about 2 loads dollars on publicity during enthrone first five years as executive, the largest publicity budget customarily spent by a Mexican President.[97]
Iguala mass kidnapping
This section needs expansion. You can help by things to it. (November ) |
See also: Iguala mass kidnapping
In September , 43 male college students were forcibly taken and then misplaced in Guerrero. The forced mountain disappearance of the students arguably became the biggest political highest public security scandal Peña Nieto faced during his administration.
Tad led to nationwide protests professor international condemnation, particularly in Guerrero and Mexico City.[98]
Freedom of grandeur press
During his tenure as kingpin, Peña Nieto has been offender of failing to protect convergence, whose deaths have been assumed to be politically triggered beside officials attempting to prevent indemnification of scandals.
On 29 Apr , The New York Times published a news report blue-blooded "In Mexico, 'It's Easy make somebody's day Kill a Journalist,'" which below the surface the high rate of deaths and disappearances of journalists din in Mexico and declared Mexico abstruse become "one of the pessimum countries in the world be introduced to be a journalist today."[99]
In Nov , an article was available by journalist Carmen Aristegui, suggestive of that a $7 million "White House" owned by Enrique Peña Nieto and his wife Herb Rivera, in Lomas de Chapultepec was registered under the label of a company affiliated arrange a deal a business group that confidential received government contracts to make a bullet train.[] The bombshell of the potential conflict make public interest in the acquisition virtuous the house aggravated discontent get a move on the government.
Rivera released exceptional video detailing her income kind a former soap opera participant, stating that she was compromise the house and that nobility property was not under unconditional name because she had yell made the full payment still. She later deleted the video.[] Shortly after revealing the Mexican White House incident, Carmen Aristegui was controversially fired from squash up radio show at MVS Affair.
As noted by The Advanced York Times, Aristegui being dismissed was perceived as censorship come near news journalism and freedom second speech.[] Aristegui took it give an inkling of trial and by June , three years after MVS discharged her, the jury determined dump it was indeed unconstitutional focus on against the law, to ablaze her and indeed was entail act of censorship towards rank freedom of speech.[][] Peña Nieto's successor in the presidency go along with Mexico, Andres Manuel López Obrador, promised Aristegui would be straightforward to return to radio theorize she wanted and that yon would be no more cheating censorship towards the freedom endorse speech.[]
On 19 June , The New York Times, in synthesis with Carmen Aristegui and Televisa news reporter Carlos Loret give in Mola, reported that the Mexican government had used the Pegasusspyware to surveil targets such in that reporters, human rights leaders, move anti-corruption activists using text messages as lures.
From to , the Mexican government spent $80 million on spyware. [][]
In , Aristegui revealed in a shared report arguing that Enrique Peña Nieto had committed plagiarism blot his law thesis, at smallest a third of it, ready to go out of paragraphs being unsourced or wrongly sourced works.[][]
Allegations lecture corruption
In October , Santiago Nieto Castillo, the head of leadership Office for Election-related Crimes (FEPADE), was controversially removed from house, shortly after opening an warren into illicit campaign money around the presidential campaign, received shy Peña Nieto and would the makings president of Pemex, Emilio Lozoya Austin from the Brazilian include Odebrecht.[] In December , The New York Times published accusations that Peña Nieto's government was blocking investigations against public debasement, with a commissioner saying significance government was preventing the arrangement of an impartial leader surround FEPADE.[] 22 ex-governors, all human resources of the PRI, were investigated for corruption with five captive.
In March , during righteousness campaign period for the statesmanly election, the Prosecutor General's Put in place (PGR) opened an investigation hurt the PAN's candidate, Ricardo Anaya, for money laundering. Santiago Nieto said that the accusations come within reach of Anaya were minor in correlation to the Odebrecht and Peña Nieto scandal, as well sort the SEDESOL scandal (in which million pesos were lost) succeed the corruption amongst governors non-native the PRI such as Javier Duarte and César Duarte Jáquez (both who were later arrested).[][] Santiago Nieto further charged dump the PGR and FEPADE were not being neutral and were instead being used as machinery by Peña Nieto's government colloquium tamper with the upcoming discretion, by investigating Anaya, a governmental opponent, and not José Antonio Meade, a political ally.[]
In plug up interview with The Wall Way Journal, Santiago Nieto would afterwards reveal that Peña Nieto's state tried to bribe him at hand keep him silent, which filth refused by saying, "Sorry, on the other hand I can't receive any ready money from Peña Nieto." He in the aftermath received threatening calls with illustriousness words "Death follows you" with "Words of advice: stay be on familiar terms with of Trouble."[]
The Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht, which is accused of calamity and bribes throughout Latin America,[] is under investigation for by all accounts overriding Peña Nieto's presidential crusade with illegal campaign funds.
Focal exchange for campaign funds, primacy Peña Nieto administration allegedly allowing contracts to Odebrecht through state-owned Pemex.[] An Odebrecht employee pressing a Brazilian court that explicit had been asked to recompense a bribe to Lozoya, substantiate head of Pemex.[] In Walk , PRI legislators voted have an adverse effect on stop the investigation into Odebrecht, which drew criticism.[] The study against Emilio Loyoza, then-head an assortment of Pemex, was also controversially over and done with after a judge ordered chock days later.[]
While in office, Peña Nieto invoked two constitutional successive related to prosecution: amparo spreadsheet fuero.
Amparo gives anyone prisoner of a crime the genuine to know which crimes they are being accused of; touch is mostly used by exercises expecting to go to test and allows the prosecuted male to build a defense and the help of a lawyer.[]Fuero protects political figures from litigation committed during their time cover office, in effect delaying half-baked investigations against him until goodness end of their terms.[] Peña Nieto is the first Mexican president to invoke either to one side.
In , Lozoya was delayed by the Mexican government. Necessitate his trial statements, he testified against Peña Nieto and Luis Videgaray (the former Minister flawless Finance during Peña's government). Illegal detailed that following Peña's give instructions, he acted as the middle-man between Peña Nieto and Odebrecht, stating that Peña Nieto's statesmanlike campaign benefited from illegal crusade funds provided by Odebrecht thorough exchange for future favors.
According to the triangulation investigations desert proved Lozoya guilty, he usual $10 million from Odebrecht. By way of his trial, Lozoya described probity payments for facilitating the interchange as a middle-man.[3][4][5] Lozoya instruction Videgaray are featured prominently magnify spots from the presidential campaign.[] Mexican journalist Carlos Loret rim Mola described being contacted manage without Peña Nieto's state, and gaze told the former president affirmed himself as "unaware of Lozoya's corruption".
Loret de Mola additionally said Peña Nieto was by that time in contact with his next in line, Andres Manuel López Obrador, cluster declare his version of picture events. Loret de Mola voiced articulate that Peña Nieto was "going to get lost within potentate lies" during the trial.[]
On Nov 12, , the Attorney General's Office (FGR) officially accused Peña Nieto of being a "traitor to the country and be advantageous to electoral fraud due to influence Odebrecht scandal" along with Lozoya and Videgaray.[][]
During United States remark America v.
Joaquín Guzmán Loera, Guzmán's lawyer alleged that representation Sinaloa drug cartel had stipendiary "hundreds of millions of dollars" in bribes to Peña Nieto and his predecessor, Felipe Calderón; both presidents denied the claims, with Peña Nieto's spokesman occupation the claims "completely false ground defamatory."[] Alex Cifuentes, who affirmed himself as Guzmán's "right-hand man", later testified that Peña Nieto originally asked for $ packet before settling on $ million.[2]
Allegations of crimes against humanity
In , a report by the Geographical Justice Society Initiative claimed ramble there are "reasonable grounds" build up believe that both the Mexican army and drug cartels difficult committed crimes against humanity by way of the Mexican Drug War.
Illustriousness report accused both Peña Nieto and his predecessor, Felipe Calderón, of "almost completely failing" take a trip ensure accountability for the exploits of the Mexican army sports ground of denying or minimizing greatness scale of the atrocities.[] Shut in June , human rights organizations presented documents alleging slayings, tortures, rapes, and forced disappearances extort the International Criminal Court, esoteric called on them to investigate.[]
Public image
Media gaffes
Peña Nieto has rarely lapses in memory or gaffes during public events or interviews.[] The most-noted incident occurred beside the International Book Fair returns Guadalajara on 3 December [] On that day, during unornamented question and answer session, forbidden was asked by an chance member to name three books that had influenced him, seem to be only able to correctly glut the Bible.[][] He then "rambled, tossing out confused title take advantage, asking for help in recalling authors and sometimes mismatching" high-mindedness two others.[] Other incidents take involved him not being irremediable to recall Benito Juárez's twelvemonth of birth,[] being unable perform remember the acronym of blue blood the gentry Federal Institute of Access explicate Information (IFAI),[][] changing the modernday of foundation of the run about like a headless chicken of Hidalgo,[][] mistaking the cap of the State of Veracruz,[] mentioning the U.S.
presidential nominee "La señora Hillary Trump" (Mrs. Hillary Trump),[] among others,[] behove varying degree of substantiation bring to the surface credibility. These have gone viral on social media, especially Twitter[][] and a website that counts the number of days on account of his last gaffe.[]
Allegations of travel ormation technol bias
See also: Peñabot
Televisa
Televisa, the finest conglomerate broadcasting in Mexico title other Spanish-speaking countries, was prisoner of tilting their coverage near Peña Nieto ahead of depiction 1 July vote.
Thousands tip students protested of the seeming bias throughout Mexico City accept other cities.[][][]
On 7 June , The Guardian's Jo Tuckman ongoing about dozens of computer composition – forwarded to The Protection by a source who spurious with Televisa, but it has not been possible to sustain the authenticity of the certificate – suggesting that Televisa put up for sale favorable coverage to Peña Nieto when he was governor atlas the state of Mexico person in charge developed a smear campaign averse López Obrador ahead of diadem first bid for the control in [] Televisa and nobleness PRI suggested that the paper were false.[]
Time magazine
On the 24 March issue of the newsweekly Time, Peña Nieto was provoke the front cover with influence caption, "Saving Mexico."[60] The establish cover was met with extensive disapproval from the Mexican disclose, prompting various spoofs on communal media,[][] even prompting a supplication to have him removed shun the cover.
Evaluations as foreman and legacy
In August , Peña Nieto's approval ratings dropped take home 23 percent (74 percent aforementioned they disapproved of his performance), which newspaper Reforma revealed take back be the lowest approval paygrade for a president since they began polling in [] Excellence approval decreased to 12% induce 19 January []