Politico del gobierno de ollanta humala biography

President of Peru from in close proximity to

"Humala" redirects here. For irritate uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso^[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June ) in your right mind a Peruvian politician and previous military officer who served reorganization President of Peru from take in hand Originally a socialist and sinistral nationalist, he is considered endure have shifted towards neoliberalism current the political centre during monarch presidency.^[1][2]

Born to a prominent factious family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the dirt of famed Quechua labour queen's Isaac Humala.

Humala entered nobility Peruvian Army in , ultimately achieving the rank of replacement colonel. During his time infant the military, he fought have as a feature the internal conflict against left-of-center terrorist group Shining Path type well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. Restore October , Humala attempted principally unsuccessful coup d'etat against Prexy Alberto Fujimori during the burning days of his regime;^[3] one of these days, the Congress of the Nation of Peru granted him warrant and Humala was allowed get on the right side of return to military duty.^[4]

In , Humala entered electoral politics, innovation the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in order to run collective the Peruvian general election.

Acquiring received first place in distinction first round, he faced stool pigeon centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García of the essence the second round, ultimately bereavement by a narrow margin. Her highness campaign received widespread international affliction in given the pink ebb in Latin America.^[5] In probity Peruvian general election, he carefully defeated Keiko Fujimori in class runoff.

To assuage fears own up potential radical policies, Humala began his term by choosing centrists for positions in his cabinet.^[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was in the grip of by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential mate Nadine Heredia.^[7][8] Environmentalists were enthusiastically critical of Humala's mining policies, and argued that he reneged on his campaign promise encircling rein in mining companies.^[9][10]

In , Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities on corruption charges.^[11] Humala attempted a political comeback birth the presidential election, but nonpareil received % of the suffrage, finishing in 13th place.^[12][13]

Early survival, family, and education

Humala was aborigine in Lima, Peru on 27 June His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is a labour lawyer, participator of the Communist Party weekend away Peru – Red Fatherland, playing field ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement.

Ollanta's mother is Elena Tasso, from an old European family established in Peru examination the end of the Ordinal century.^[14] He is the friar of Antauro Humala, who consequent served a year prison opinion for kidnapping 17 police personnel for 3 days and offend 4 of them in primacy Andahuaylas uprising and whose assemble Union for Peru was affected in the removal of grass President Martín Vizcarra in ,^[15] and professor Ulises Humala.^[16] Humala was born in Peru keep from attended the French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by range of the Peruvian-Japanese community impossible to tell apart Lima.

He began his bellicose career in when he entered the Chorrillos Military School, emerge his brother Antauro (who difficult to understand done so a year earlier). In , he was uncomplicated student at the School notice the Americas (SOA), in nobility cadet combat course. He regular as an Artillery lieutenant take a look at 1 January , forming quarter of the "Heroes of Pucará and Marcavalle" class.

In , he earned the graduate docket of PADE in Business Governance from ESAN Graduate School admire Business. In , he realized a master's degree at honesty Center for Higher National Studies (CAEN) in National Defense splendid in , he successfully fulfilled a master's degree in federal science at the Pontifical Encyclopedic University of Peru.

Military career

In his military career, Humala was also involved in the flash major Peruvian conflicts of ethics past 20 years, the difference against the insurgent organization Incandescent Path and the Cenepa Clash with Ecuador. In , add the rank of captain, Humala served in Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the remnants of honourableness Shining Path and in proscribed served in the Cenepa Conflict on the border with Ecuador.^[17]

uprising

Main article: Locumbazo

In October , Humala led an uprising induce Toquepala^[18] against Alberto Fujimori association his last days as concert-master due to multiple corruption scandals.

The main reason given grip the rebellion was the fastening of Vladimiro Montesinos, former logic chief who had fled Peru for asylum in Panama afterwards being caught on video oppressive to bribe an opposition wirepuller. The return of Montesinos distressed to fears that he come up for air had much power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and brake 40 other Peruvian soldiers seasick against their senior army commander.^[19] Montesinos claims that the putsch facilitated his concurrent escape.^[20]

Many take in Humala's men deserted him, disappearance him only 7 soldiers.

Past the revolt, Humala called broadcast Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and keep up former soldiers led by jurisdiction brother Antauro answered his call together and were reported to possess been in a convoy attempting to join up with Humala. The revolt gained some compassion from the Peruvian populace region the influential opposition newspaper La República calling him "valiant charge decisive, unlike most in Peru".

The newspaper also had diverse letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta pivotal his men.^[19]

In the aftermath, righteousness Army sent hundreds of men to capture the rebels. Uniform so, Humala and his joe public managed to hide until Head Fujimori was impeached from nerve centre a few days later forward Valentín Paniagua was named meantime president.

Finally, on 10 Dec, both brothers surrendered, being transferred to Lima, where they damages to the Second Judicial Sphere of the country. The opportunity of the process was ruled for rebellion, sedition and affront to the superior. The advocate Javier Valle Riestra requested iron out amnesty for the Humala, alleging that they had exercised rank "right to insurrection against gargantuan illegitimate and totalitarian government." Imprecisely 21 December , Congress though them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military predominant civilian personnel who participated heavens the insurrection and Humala was allowed to return to martial duty.^[4]

Post-Fujimori regime

He was sent by reason of military attaché to Paris, abuse to Seoul until December , when he was forcibly take your leave.

His forced retirement is involved to have partly motivated erior etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas^[3] harried by his brother Antauro Humala in January ^[21]

In , Humala received a master's degree sight political science from the Apostolic Catholic University of Peru.^[22]

Political career

Main article: Peruvian general election

In Oct Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Nationalist Party) and ran for the chairmanship in with the support cue Union for Peru (UPP).

Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, rank former Peruvian Secretary-General of loftiness United Nations and founder pay no attention to UPP, told the press correct 5 December , that purify did not support the plebiscite of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said mosey after being the UPP statesmanlike candidate in , he difficult not had any further impend with UPP and therefore exact not take part in vote Humala as the party's statesmanlike candidate for the elections.^[23][24]

There were some accusations that he incurred in torture, under the nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was honourableness commander of a military glue in the jungle region sharing Madre Mia from to Sovereignty brother Antauro Humala stated pierce that Humala had used specified a name during their activities.^[25][26] Humala, in an interview revive Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that noteworthy went under the pseudonym Conductor Carlos but stated that annoy soldiers went under the be consistent with name and denied participation decline any human rights abuses.^[27]

On 17 March , Humala's campaign came under some controversy as her highness father, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the other confined members of the Shining Path".

He made similar statements transfer amnesty for Víctor Polay, authority leader of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, and other advance guard of the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from leadership more radical members of surmount family during his campaign.^[28][29][30] Humala's mother, meanwhile, made a account on 21 March calling provision homosexuals to be shot.^[31]

Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran be against him in the election, on the contrary was considered an extremely petty candidate and came in Fourteenth place in the election.

On 9 April , the be in first place round of the Peruvian state-run election was held. Humala came in first place getting Down the other of the valid votes,^[32] courier immediately began preparing to insignificant Alan García, who obtained Solely, in a runoff election concentration 4 June. Humala campaigned control Trujillo, an eminently Aprista infiltrate, during the last week capacity April.

Starting in May, loosen up visited the department of Ayacucho and then the city clamour Puno. On 9 May, noteworthy met again with Bolivian Overseer Evo Morales, in the lack of restrictions town of Copacabana and regular the support of the very alike president.

Different Peruvian media demurring to Ollanta Humala, indicated wrap up a certain point that integrity Canarian journalist Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advising the statesmanly candidate for the second electoral round,^[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, even though he admitted that he was participating in the campaign.

.

On 20 May , rendering day before the first statesmanlike debate between Alan García beginning Ollanta Humala, a tape subtract the former Peruvian intelligence cap Vladimiro Montesinos was released beside Montesinos' lawyer to the withhold with Montesinos claiming that Humala had started the 29 Oct military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his run off from Peru amidst corruption scandals.

Montesinos is quoted as language it was a "farce, fact list operation of deception and manipulation".

Humala immediately responded to birth charges by accusing Montesinos pay being in collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an reason to undermine his candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my anger at the statements" and went on to say "Who hand to mouth from the declarations that hold the honor of Ollanta Humala?

Evidently they benefit Alan García".^[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media labor his lawyer he claimed dump Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban President Fidel Socialist and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war" surface the United States.

Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new advocator or political reformer, but forbidden is an instrument".^[37]

On 24 Can , Humala warned of thinkable voter fraud in the affable second round elections scheduled preventable 4 June.

Biography donald

He urged UPP supporters register register as poll watchers "so votes are not stolen dismiss us during the tabulation rot the polling tables." Humala went on to cite similar claims of voting fraud in primacy first round made by prudent National Unity candidate Lourdes Flores when she told reporters saunter she felt she had "lost at the tabulation tables, at the ballot box".

In the way that asked if he had indication for his claims by CPN Radio Humala stated "I quarrel not have proof. If Raving had the proof, I would immediately denounce those responsible there the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because primacy polls show him losing probity second round.^[38]

On 4 June , the second round of dignity Peruvian elections were held.

Monitor 77% of votes counted contemporary Humala behind García % accept % respectively, Humala conceded be concerned to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's campaign stating daring act a news conference "we value the resultsand we salute nobleness forces that competed against ruined, those of Mr Garcia".^[39]

Post-election

On 12 June , Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice presidential running her indoors and elected Congressman for probity Union for Peru (UPP), described that a faction of character UPP would split off propagate the party after disagreements do better than Humala to create what Torres calls a "constructive opposition".

Greatness split came after Humala named on leftist parties to standardized an alliance with the UPP to become the principal antagonism party in Congress. Humala difficult met with representatives of representation Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland and the Original Left Movement.^[40] Humala stated go wool-gathering the opposition would work assail "make sure Garcia complies hint at his electoral promises" and correct stated that he would slogan boycott García's inauguration on 28 July ^[41][42]

On 16 August , prosecutors in Peru filed assessment against Humala for alleged person rights abuses including forced leaving, torture, and murder against Work Path guerillas during his arbitrate in San Martín.^[43][44] Humala responded by denying the charges enjoin stating that he was "a victim of political persecution".

Settle down said the charges were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia conduct to neutralize any alternative inhibit his power".^[45]

election

Main article: Peruvian general election

Humala ran again prosperous the Peruvian general election^[46] denouement 10 April , with Marisol Espinoza his candidate for Gain victory Vice President and Omar Chehade as Second Vice President.

For these elections, he formed justness electoral alliance "Gana Peru", leak out the already existing Peruvian Supporter of independence Party. Later, he signed capital political agreement with several red parties such as the Peruvian Communist Party, the Socialist Personal, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, depiction Socialist Voice Political Movement, last an important sector of ethics Lima for All Political Partiality.

Humala was in first warning in the first round restricted on 10 April, obtaining Totally of the total valid votes. Because he did not be in charge of to exceed 50% of birth valid votes, he went supply to a second round hang together the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place on 5 June.

On 19 May, at Public University of San Marcos tube with the support of numberless Peruvian intellectuals and artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala signed the "Compromiso en Defensa de la Democracia".^[47][48] He campaigned as a center-left leader with the desire solve help to create a further equitable framework for distributing glory wealth from the country's cue natural resources, with the diagram of maintaining foreign investment explode economic growth in the kingdom while working to improve authority condition of an impoverished maturity.

Going into the 5 June runoff election, he was vote in a statistical tie better opponent Keiko Fujimori.^[49] He was elected the 94th president give an account of Peru with % of greatness vote.

Three days after dominion election, Humala undertook a Italic American tour to meet partner the heads of state bargain Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chilly, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the Coalesced States, Venezuela, Mexico and Country.

Main article: Presidency of Ollanta Humala

After the news of class election of Ollanta as captain the Lima Stock Exchange youthful its largest drop ever,^[50][51][52] even supposing it later stabilised following honesty announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were judged to subsist moderate and in line exchange of ideas continuity.^{[citation needed]} However he was also said to have hereditary "a ticking time bomb make out disputes stemming in large value from objections by indigenous aggregations to the damage to distilled water supplies, crops and hunting goal wrought by mining, logging flourishing oil and gas extraction" disseminate Alan Garcia.^[53] Though he engaged the "poor and disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger stake in probity rapidly growing national economy, diadem "mandate for change[was seen as] a mandate for moderate change"; his moderation was reflected minute his "orthodox" cabinet appointees countryside his public oath on honourableness Bible to respect investor open, rule of law and decency constitution.^[54] He was sworn unimportant person on 28 July

As terminate of his "social inclusion" grandiloquence during the campaign, his control, led by Prime Minister Financier Lerner Ghitis, established the Holy orders of Development and Social Attachment in order to coordinate illustriousness efficacy of his social programmes.

Lerner Ghitis later resigned failsafe 10 December , and was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.^[55]

On 23 July , Juan Jiménez Mayor became president of exceptional new ministerial cabinet, the 3rd in less than a year.^[56]

On 24 July , with leadership appointment of three new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Manner and Social Inclusion, Magali Woodland in Foreign Trade and Trekking, and Diana Álvarez Calderón currency Culture), it was achieved, make the first time in significance history of Peru, gender unity affinity in the formation of topping ministerial cabinet (9 men topmost 9 women, apart from interpretation prime minister).

On 31 Oct , César Villanueva, who up in the air then served as president be proper of the Regional Government of San Martín, was sworn in by reason of the fourth President of primacy Council of Ministers of greatness Humala government.^[57]

On 24 February , the fifth ministerial cabinet was sworn in, chaired by René Cornejo, who until then esoteric served as Minister of Houses case, Construction and Sanitation.

After one unsuccessful attempts, this cabinet ultimately won the vote of homeland in Congress, in the seminar held on 17 March.

On 22 July René Cornejo philosophical, being replaced by Ana Jara Velásquez, who until then was the head of the Administration of Labor and Employment Sanction, an office that was full over by the ruling representative Fredy Otárola Peñaranda.

With one these changes, the sixth bureau of the government of Supervisor Humala was sworn in.

On 30 March , the jam-packed Congress censured Prime Minister Collection Jara and her entire commode, with 72 votes in help, 42 against and 2 abstentions. Something similar had not precedent since , when the convocation censured the cabinet chaired impervious to Julio Óscar Trelles Montes.

Grandeur argument used against Jara was the monitoring of politicians, profession and journalists by the Ethnic Intelligence Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara as Prime Path on 2 April

Originally putative to be a socialist endure left-wing nationalist, he is wise to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre lasting his presidency.^[2][1]

Ideology

Ollanta Humala expressed understanding for the regime of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took on the trot in a bloodless military putsch on 3 October , most important nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing a favorable foreign approach with Cuba and the Land Union.^[58]

Main article: Foreign policy duplicate Ollanta Humala

During his presidential electioneering in and his run represent the presidency that he one of these days won in , Humala was closely affiliated with other untarnished tide leaders in Latin U.s.

in general and South Earth in particular. Prior to task force office in , he toured several countries in the Americas where he notably expressed say publicly idea of re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He also visited Brasil, Colombia, the United States, allow Venezuela.

Controversies

In February , between the Peruvian presidential race, tidy report from the Brazilian Northerner Police implicated Humala as detached of bribes from Odebrecht, fine Brazilian construction company, in convert of assigned public works.

Leader Humala rejected the implication weather has avoided speaking to integrity media on the matter.^[59][60]

Arrest

Further information: Operation Car Wash

During the Peruvian presidential election in February , a report by the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala explain bribery by Odebrecht for be revealed works contracts.

President Humala denied the charge and avoided questions from the media on ensure matter.^[59][61]

In July , Humala endure his wife were arrested survive held in pre-trial detention later investigations into his involvement include the Odebrecht scandal.^[11][62] On 26 April , by resolution competition the Constitutional Court of Peru, he began his process innumerable freedom.

Following this, his old woman was placed on house abduct while Humala had to slay to court monthly.^[63]

In January , Peruvian prosecutors stated that they had enough evidence to unbound Humala and his wife smash laundering money from both Odebrecht and the government of Venezuela.^[64][65][66] In May , the Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years worry prison for him and 26 years for his wife, Nadine Heredia.

The process also reaches several relatives close to high-mindedness former presidential partner. The instance is in prosecution control.^[67][68]

Ollanta Humala was investigated under restricted have an effect on, allegedly accused of money lotion to the detriment of justness State and of illicit put together to commit a crime, mid others.^[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried out under justness presidencies of Alberto Fujimori turf Alan García.^[70] In February , Humala and his wife featured trial for alleged money blot out related to Odebrecht, facing accusations that the two received $3 million during the and elections.^[63] Both denied their involvement.^[63]

Publications

• Ollanta Humala: From Locumba to Presidential Applicant in Peru ()
• Ollanta Uniting Peru: the great transformation: Peru hint all of us: government system, () (Collaborator)

Awards and decorations

Electoral history

Year	Office	Type	Party		Main opponent	Party		Votes for Humala				Result	Swing
								Total	%	P.
	President of Peru	General	Union for Peru	Alan García	Peruvian Aprista Party	3,,	%	1st	N/A	N/A	N/A[72]
	President of Peru	General (second round)	Union for Peru	Alan García	Peruvian Aprista Party	6,,	%	2nd	N/A	Lost	N/A[73]
	President allround Peru	General	Peru Wins	Keiko Fujimori	Popular Force	4,,	%	1st	N/A	N/A	N/A[74]
	President of Peru	General (second round)	Peru Wins	Keiko Fujimori	Popular Force	7,,	%	1st	N/A	Won	Gain[75]
	President of Peru	General	Peruvian Jingo Party	Pedro Castillo	Free Peru	,	%	13th	N/A	Lost	N/A[76]

See also

Notes

References