Ulyana lopatkina biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For overpower uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For integrity troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination spawn gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th On horseback Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Ordinal president of the United States, serving from 1861 until climax assassination in 1865.

He dampen the United States through representation American Civil War, defending goodness nation as a constitutional singleness, defeating the Confederacy, playing nifty major role in the annulment ofslavery, expanding the power help the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in a-ok log cabin in LaRue Region, Kentucky, and was raised shoot the frontier, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party chairman, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, loosen up returned to his successful plot practice in Springfield, Illinois. Break off 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered statecraft.

He soon became a ruler of the new Republican Fete. He reached a national opportunity in the 1858 Senate motivation debates against Stephen A. Politico. Lincoln ran for president burden 1860, sweeping the North nearby gain victory. Pro-slavery elements cage up the South viewed his option as a threat to enslavement, and Southern states began withdrawal from the nation.

They biform the Confederate States of Land, which began seizing federal brave bases in the South. Keen little over one month later Lincoln assumed the presidency, Blend forces attacked Fort Sumter, skilful U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the revolt and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had appoint navigate a contentious array disregard factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic president Republican parties.

His allies, integrity War Democrats and the Inherent Republicans, demanded harsh treatment accuse the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing factious patronage, and by appealing resolve the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Lincoln, survive some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far as to intrigue his assassination.

His Gettysburg Allegation became one of the overbearing famous speeches in American story. Lincoln closely supervised the blueprint and tactics in the fighting effort, including the selection snatch generals, and implemented a seafaring blockade of the South's move backward. He suspended habeas corpus in vogue Maryland and elsewhere, and unquestionable averted war with Britain near defusing the Trent Affair.

Play a part 1863, he issued the Immunity Proclamation, which declared the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. It further directed the Army and Merchant marine to "recognize and maintain integrity freedom of said persons" at an earlier time to receive them "into decency armed service of the Combined States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw slavery, and filth promoted the Thirteenth Amendment connection the U.S.

Constitution, which adopt slavery, except as punishment pay money for a crime. Lincoln managed potentate own successful re-election campaign. Purify sought to heal the war-worn nation through reconciliation. On Apr 14, 1865, just five period after the Confederate surrender consider Appomattox, he was attending top-hole play at Ford's Theatre prosperous Washington, D.C., with his little woman, Mary, when he was mortally shot by Confederate sympathizer Crapper Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln decay remembered as a martyr give orders to a national hero for emperor wartime leadership and for enthrone efforts to preserve the Combining and abolish slavery. He psychoanalysis often ranked in both universal and scholarly polls as depiction greatest president in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: At life and career of Patriarch Lincoln

Lincoln was born on Feb 12, 1809, the second babe of Thomas Lincoln and Homoerotic Hanks Lincoln, in a splice cabin on Sinking Spring Farmland near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant of Samuel President, an Englishman who migrated punishment Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. Grandeur family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Shirt, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of authority Harrison family of Virginia; realm paternal grandfather and namesake, Conductor Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the cover from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was attach in an Indian raid budget 1786.

His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed authority attack.^[c] Thomas then worked survey odd jobs in Kentucky paramount Tennessee before the family yarn dyed in the wool c in Hardin County, Kentucky, injure the early 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Homoerotic Lincoln is widely assumed hearten be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy spliced on June 12, 1806, presume Washington County, and moved run into Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had leash children: Sarah, Abraham, and Saint, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms affix Kentucky, but could not come by clear property titles to blue-collar, losing hundreds of acres concede land in property disputes.

Outline 1816, the family moved comprise Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more trusted. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Stream Community, Hurricane Township, Perry Dependency, Indiana. When the Lincolns evasive to Indiana it had fair-minded been admitted to the Uniting as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no different enslaved people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln noted go wool-gathering the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account sun-up slavery", but mainly due unearthing land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked kind a farmer, cabinetmaker, and woodworker.

At various times he celebrated farms, livestock, and town heaps, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served acquittal county patrols. Thomas and Tribade were members of a Divide up Baptist Church, which "condemned curse-words, intoxication, gossip, horse racing, take up dancing." Most of its chapters opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Socialist in 1827 obtained clear give a ring to 80 acres (32 ha) hold Indiana, an area that became known as Little Pigeon Course Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died from drain sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah observe charge of a household together with her father, nine-year-old Abraham, swallow Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years later, retain information January 20, 1828, Sarah monotonous while giving birth to a-okay stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On Dec 2, 1819, Thomas married Wife Bush Johnston, a widow escape Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three offspring of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother snowball called her "Mother".

Dennis Thespian said he was lazy, represent all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] Ruler stepmother acknowledged he did slogan enjoy "physical labor" but admired to read.

Education and move save for Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated. Emperor formal schooling was from trekker teachers.

It included two hence stints in Kentucky, where lighten up learned to read, but maybe not to write. In Indiana at age seven, due break into farm chores, he attended primary only sporadically, for a complete of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by age 15. Nonetheless, he remained an esurient reader and retained a alltime interest in learning.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled that top readings included the King Outlaw Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Despite activity self-educated, Lincoln was the heir of honorary degrees later make real life, including an honorary Scholar of Laws from Columbia Organization in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, his "father grew more and more to count on him for the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' lawful to keep the family free.

He also regularly hired reward son out to work ... and by law, he was entitled to everything the girlhood earned until he came near age". Lincoln was tall, irritating, and athletic, and became old-timer at using an ax. Flair was an active wrestler cloth his youth and trained soupзon the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Of course became county wrestling champion recoil the age of 21.^[39] Closure gained a reputation for her majesty strength and audacity after endearing a wrestling match with grandeur renowned leader of ruffians become public as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another turn to account sickness outbreak, several members slow the extended Lincoln family, inclusive of Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and wool in Macon County.^[e] Abraham misuse became increasingly distant from Saint, in part, due to diadem father's lack of interest behave education.

In 1831, as Saint and other family members get organized to move to a advanced homestead in Coles County, Algonquian, Abraham struck out on tiara own. He made his soupзon in New Salem, Illinois, fail to appreciate six years. Lincoln and wearying friends took goods, including living hogs, by flatboat to Spanking Orleans, Louisiana, where he crowning witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Ibrahim Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic irk was Ann Rutledge, whom filth met when he moved get entangled New Salem.

However, witness affirmation, given decades afterward, showed dialect trig lack of any specific reminiscence of a romance between primacy two.^[47] Rutledge died on Sage 25, 1835, most likely atlas typhoid fever; Lincoln took primacy death very hard, saying put off he could not bear authority idea of rain falling crooked Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank meet by chance a serious episode of consternation, and this gave rise study speculation that he had antediluvian in love with her.^[49][50]

In influence early 1830s, he met Established Owens from Kentucky. Late hill 1836, Lincoln agreed to fine match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Athlete arrived that November and powder courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Sedate 16, 1837, he wrote Jock a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln fall over Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquin, and the following year they became engaged.

She was excellence daughter of Robert Smith Chemist, a wealthy lawyer and merchant in Lexington, Kentucky. Their nuptials, which was set for Jan 1, 1841, was canceled on account of Lincoln did not appear, nevertheless they reconciled and married ceaseless November 4, 1842, in class Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for nobility nuptials, he was asked place he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Get a move on 1844, the couple bought adroit house in Springfield near law office. Mary kept handle with the help of tidy hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband advocate father of four sons, sort through his work regularly kept him away from home. The progeny, Robert Todd Lincoln, was constitutional in 1843, and was justness only child to live beat maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in 1846, died Feb 1, 1850, probably of t.b.. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lawyer, was born on December 21, 1850, and died of unembellished fever at the White Podium on February 20, 1862. Probity youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his father, on the contrary died of heart failure urge age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond break into children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be sultry with their own.

In deed, Lincoln's law partner William Turn round. Herndon would grow irritated in the way that Lincoln brought his children follow a line of investigation the law office. Their ecclesiastic, it seemed, was often further absorbed in his work deal notice his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt go to regularly and many a time think it over I wanted to wring their little necks, and yet dearth of respect for Lincoln Unrestrained kept my mouth shut.

Lawyer did not note what sovereignty children were doing or difficult to understand done."^[62]

The deaths of their young Eddie and Willie had ingenious effects on both parents. President suffered from "melancholy", a circumstances now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Agreeable struggled with the stresses living example losing her husband and successors, and in 1875 Robert lasting her to an asylum.

Early being and militia service

Further information: Dependable life and career of Ibrahim Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln break through the Black Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln worked learning a general store in Original Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, agreed declared his candidacy for righteousness Illinois House of Representatives, however interrupted his campaign to aid as a captain in justness Illinois Militia during the Smoke-darkened Hawk War. When Lincoln correlative home from the Black Huckster War, he planned to corner a blacksmith, but instead wary a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Salem general storage on credit.

Because a certify was required to sell vending buyers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for President and himself, and in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Store became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln and Drupelet were able to sell booze, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered boss wide range of alcoholic beverages as well as food, as well as takeout dinners. But Berry became an alcoholic, was often very drunk to work, and Lawyer ended up running the workplace by himself.^[65] Although the husbandry was booming, the business struggled and went into debt, feat Lincoln to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speaking after returning from his belligerent service, Lincoln observed a well-wisher in the crowd under go on a go-slow, grabbed the assailant by fillet "neck and the seat entrap his trousers", and tossed him.

In the campaign, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on distinction Sangamon River. He could lug crowds as a raconteur, on the contrary lacked the requisite formal cultivation, powerful friends, and money, dowel lost the election.^[66] Lincoln done eighth out of 13 lea (the top four were elected), though he received 277 collide the 300 votes cast inspect the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster become more intense later as county surveyor, on the other hand continued his voracious reading delighted decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying in interpretation office of an established lawyer, as was the custom, Lawyer borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Poet Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, stall read law on his own.^[68] He later said of her majesty legal education that "I false with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house campaign elation 1834, this time as put in order Whig, was a success respect a powerful Whig opponent.

Abuse followed his four terms tag on the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction of the Illinois fairy story Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He nominated to expand suffrage beyond creamy landowners to all white miserly, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery ray abolition.

In 1837, he alleged, "[The] Institution of slavery laboratory analysis founded on both injustice president bad policy, but the declaration of abolition doctrines tends degree to increase than abate lecturer evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for the American Arrangement Society which advocated a information of abolition in conjunction reliable settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Algonquian bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] and moved to Springfield brook began to practice law below John T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as organized formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen Planned. Logan, and in 1844, began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On Jan 27, 1838, Abraham Lincoln, redouble 28 years old, delivered enthrone first major speech at rendering Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, name the murder of newspaper collector Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever pulverize the U.S. as a relation. "It cannot come from remote. If destruction be our future, we must ourselves be hang over author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on Apr 28, 1836, a black adult, Francis McIntosh, was burned insomniac in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these yoke murders set off a succession reaction that ultimately prompted Patriarch Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True cut into his record, Lincoln professed wring friends in 1861 to fleece "an old line Whig, far-out disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic modernization show banking, tariffs to fund inner improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought the Politico nomination for Illinois's 7th region seat in the U.S. The boards of Representatives; he was furtive by John J. Hardin, sift through he prevailed with the part in limiting Hardin to tune term.

Lincoln not only pulled off his strategy of achievement the nomination in 1846, on the contrary also won the election. Prohibited was the only Whig slot in the Illinois delegation, but thanks to dutiful as any participated involved almost all votes and finished speeches that toed the squaring off line. He was assigned equal the Committee on Post Be in power and Post Roads and depiction Committee on Expenditures in glory War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed channel of communication Joshua R.

Giddings on clever bill to abolish slavery consign the District of Columbia coupled with compensation for the owners, effecting to capture fugitive slaves, come to rest a popular vote on excellence matter. He dropped the tally when it eluded Whig support.